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Wheel Toe Схождение колёс
Wheel Toe Схождение колёс (deviation of the wheel) deviation of the wheels straight. What is convergence? The convergence of wheels compensates for the kinematic effect of transmission, brakes and design features of the suspension system and ensures the correct direction of the wheels and the steady movement of the car. In other sources is another definition, which is designed for freight cars with dependent suspension and rear wheel drive. Unfortunately, meets the information, as a rule, the material is taken from old textbooks or written amateurs #1 or copied from another source #2. Toe angle Угол схождения - this is the angle in the horizontal plane, between the direction of movement of the vehicle in the longitudinal plane and the plane of rotation of the wheels (see fig. 103).
fig. 103 Toe angle Toe-in Положительное схождение (P = positive «+») In case of a positive convergence of the front part of the wheel turned to the inside of the wheel converge or the plane of rotation intersects ahead (see fig. 104). fig. 104 Toe-in Toe-out Отрицательное схождение (N = negative, «-») If negative, the convergence of the front wheel turned out, the wheels apart or the plane of rotation intersect behind (see fig. 105). fig. 105 Toe-out The angle of toe The angle can be measured in degree (see fig. 106) and the linear sizes in millimeters (mm)or inches (Inc) (see the photo. 107). Size toe angle Величина угла схождения. Total toe in Общее схождение. To mean the sum of two angles of the toe of wheels and is expressed by the formula in angular terms, t = tl + tr or the difference of the distances between the discs of the wheels and the front and rear and is expressed by the formula in linear terms t = At – Bt где At = Al + Ar и Bt = Bl + Br (see the photo. 108).
fig. 108 Toe Individual Toe Angle Индивидуальный угол схождение The angle of toe of the single wheel. Means the value of the toe angle of each wheel separately and is expressed, tr or tl or the difference of the distances between the discs колеси and the centre line of the vehicle, behind and before, and is expressed by the formula, tl = Al – Bl or tr = Ar – Br (see the photo. 108) . The wrong corner of the toe. In the process of the operation of the vehicle occurs wear and deformation of nodes and parts, steering, suspension and body of the car, this leads to a change in the angles of the wheels. To compensate for wear and deformation of nodes and parts, steering, suspension and body of the car, a replacement may be required and additional adjusting the angles of the wheels. Incorrect installation of the corners of toe, may affect the stability and controllability of the car. Increased positive or negative toe leads to tire wear, fuel economy and yaw rate of the vehicle (instability, instability of a car on a track). If the positive angle of toe is too large, it will wear out the outer half of the tyre (see the photo. 109). photo. 109 Increased positive angle of toe, tire wear. If negative angle of convergence is too large, it will wear out the inner half of the tyre (see the photo. 110). photo. 110 Increased negative angle of toe, tire wear. If there is a difference corners of toe on the left side and the right side of the steering wheel will not stand exactly in the direction of a more positive angle to the front of the axis (see fig. 112). fig. 112 the Difference in the angles of the descent of the front axle, steering wheel not exactly. If there is a difference corners of toe on the left side and the right side of the steering wheel will not stand exactly in the direction of a more negative angle of the rear axle (see fig. 119). fig. 119 the Difference in the angles of the toe of the rear axle, steering wheel not exactly.
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